Collapsed Lung (Pneumothorax)
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Collapsed Lung (Pneumothorax)
A collapsed lung, also known as pneumothorax, occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall, causing the lung to deflate partially or completely. This can lead to breathing difficulties, chest pain, and other complications if left untreated.
What is a Collapsed Lung?
A collapsed lung happens when air escapes from the lung into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This buildup of air creates pressure, preventing the lung from expanding fully when you breathe. Depending on the severity, pneumothorax can be mild and resolve on its own or require immediate medical attention.
There are two main types:
- Spontaneous Pneumothorax: Occurs without an apparent cause, often in young, thin individuals or those with underlying lung disease.
- Traumatic Pneumothorax: Caused by injury, such as a broken rib, chest trauma, or medical procedures involving the lungs.
What Causes a Collapsed Lung?
A pneumothorax can be caused by various factors, including:
Conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, or cystic fibrosis can weaken lung tissue, increasing the risk.
A blunt or penetrating chest injury from an accident, fall, or medical procedure (such as a lung biopsy or mechanical ventilation) can introduce air into the pleural space.
Small, weakened areas on the lung surface can burst, allowing air to leak out. These are more common in young, tall males or smokers.
In severely ill patients, the pressure from a ventilator can cause the lung to collapse.
Collapsed Lung Symptoms
Symptoms of a collapsed lung can vary depending on its severity. Some people may experience only mild discomfort, while others may have severe respiratory distress. Common symptoms include:
- Sudden, sharp chest pain (usually on one side)
- Shortness of breath
- Rapid breathing
- A feeling of tightness in the chest
- Bluish skin (in severe cases, due to lack of oxygen)
- Fatigue
- Coughing
If you experience any of these symptoms, especially after trauma or with underlying lung conditions, seek immediate medical attention.
How is a Collapsed Lung Diagnosed?
Doctors diagnose pneumothorax based on a physical examination and imaging tests. Diagnostic methods include:
Chest X-ray
The most common test to confirm air in the pleural space.
CT scan
Provides more detailed images to detect small pneumothoraxes not visible on an X-ray.
Ultrasound
Sometimes used in emergency settings to quickly assess lung collapse.
How Long Can You Live With a Collapsed Lung?
The length of survival with a collapsed lung depends on the severity and whether treatment is received. A small, mild pneumothorax may resolve on its own within a few weeks, while a large or untreated collapse can lead to serious complications, such as respiratory failure. In severe cases such as tension pneumothorax or hemo-pneumothorax, immediate treatment is necessary to prevent life-threatening consequences. If you suspect a collapsed lung, seek medical care as soon as possible.
Collapsed Lung Treatments
Treatment for a collapsed lung depends on its size and cause. Options include:
Observation
If the pneumothorax is small and not causing significant symptoms, doctors may monitor it with regular imaging, allowing the air to be absorbed naturally over time.
Oxygen Therapy
Providing extra oxygen can help speed up air absorption and lung re-expansion.
Needle Aspiration or Chest Tube Drainage
A small needle or chest tube is inserted into the pleural space to remove the trapped air and allow the lung to reinflate. However, this does not treat the underlying cause of pneumothorax.
Surgery
At O2 Lung Centre, our surgeons focus on providing definitive treatment for pneumothorax, especially in younger patients. Using a minimally invasive Single-Port VATS technique, the affected lung area is removed through a small 1-3cm incision. In some cases, pleurodesis (sealing the lung to the chest wall) may be performed to further reduce the risk of recurrence. This approach not only lowers the chances of the condition returning but also helps patients regain their quality of life with peace of mind.
In recurrent or severe cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to prevent further collapses by sealing the lung to the chest wall.
Can a Collapsed Lung Happen Again?
Yes, a collapsed lung can happen again, especially in individuals with underlying lung conditions or those who have had a previous episode. Preventive measures include:
- Avoiding smoking, which weakens lung tissue
- Managing underlying lung diseases effectively
- Avoiding high-altitude activities or deep-sea diving, which can increase pressure changes in the lungs
If you have a history of pneumothorax or experience similar symptoms again, consult a doctor promptly to prevent complications.
Collapsed Lung Surgery in Singapore
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with a collapsed lung requiring surgery, timely intervention is crucial. At O2 Lung Centre, our team of specialised cardiothoracic surgeons is highly experienced in treating pneumothorax. We provide comprehensive, patient-centred care to ensure the best possible outcomes.